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50-State Directory / Texas (TX)

Texas Auto Insurance Laws & Statutory Claims Guide

Statutory total loss thresholds, mandatory 30/60/25 liability minimums, diminished value recovery rules, DMV lapse penalties, and consumer dispute rights under Texas insurance statutes.

Total Loss: 100% Threshold Liability Limits: 30/60/25 Diminished Value: 2-Yr Tort Right GAP Refund SLA: 30 Days Regulator: Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) & Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC)
Last Updated: August 2026
Source: Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) & Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC) & Texas Insurance Code
TX — 100% of Actual Cash Value (ACV) — Total damage exceeds ACV before salvage.
Total Loss Threshold
100% Threshold
Tex. Transp. Code § 501.091 / 28 TAC § 21.203
Liability Minimums
30/60/25
$30,000/$60,000/$25,000
Diminished Value
3rd-Party Allowed
2 Yr Statute of Limits
GAP Refund Deadline
30 Days
Fee Cap: $25

Texas Total Loss Threshold & Valuation Rules

Audit CCC ONE / Mitchell Offer

Under Tex. Transp. Code § 501.091 / 28 TAC § 21.203, an auto insurer determines whether a damaged vehicle is a total loss based on the 100% of Actual Cash Value (ACV) — Total damage exceeds ACV before salvage.. When a vehicle is totaled, insurers must pay Actual Cash Value (ACV) plus mandatory state and municipal transfer costs.

Statutory Standard
100% of Actual Cash Value (ACV) — Total damage exceeds ACV before salvage.
Damage exceeding 100% of Actual Cash Value mandates a salvage title certificate.
Mandatory Sales Tax Reimbursement
Mandatory Insurer Reimbursement
28 TAC § 21.203 mandates 6.25% motor vehicle sales tax inclusion.
Title & Transfer Fees
Reimbursable by Law
Insurers must cover state title, license transfer, and regulatory administrative fees for replacement vehicles.
Owner-Retained Salvage
Permitted Under State Law
Policyholders may keep the vehicle; insurer deducts the documented salvage bid value from final payout.
Received a CCC ONE, Mitchell, or Audatex Total Loss Report?
Audit omitted factory trim packages, distant comparable dealer comps, and unpaid Texas sales tax.
Launch Total Loss Auditor

Texas Diminished Value Law & Claims Rights

Calculate Lost Resale Value

If your vehicle sustained structural or collision damage caused by another driver in Texas, you are legally entitled to recover the resulting loss in fair market resale value (diminished value) under Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003.

3rd-Party Claim Right
Fully Recognized in Tort
Against at-fault driver's property damage liability.
Statute of Limitations
2 Years
Time limit to file property damage claim.
Small Claims Court Limit
$20,000
Texas Justice of the Peace Small Claims Court limit is $20,000.
17c Formula Status & Legal Precedent in Texas:

Texas tort law (Texas Pattern Jury Charges 84.1) allows recovery of the difference in fair market value immediately before and immediately after accident, minus repair value. 17c has zero legal binding in Texas.

Key Authority: Am. Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Schaefer, 124 S.W.3d 154 (Tex. 2003) / Texas Pattern Jury Charges - General Negligence PJC 84.1.

Texas Mandatory Auto Insurance Minimums

30/60/25 Financial Responsibility
Coverage Element Statutory Minimum Limit Requirement Details & Legal Standard
Bodily Injury (Per Person) $30,000 Maximum paid for medical expenses and legal claims for any single injured person.
Bodily Injury (Per Accident) $60,000 Total aggregate limit available for all injuries sustained in a single accident.
Property Damage Liability $25,000 Coverage for destruction or repair of other vehicles, guardrails, or structures.
Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Mandatory offer of $2,500 PIP; written rejection required. At-Fault (Tort) system framework rules.
Uninsured Motorist (UM/UIM) Mandatory offer of UM/UIM ($30k/$60k BI and $25k PD); written rejection required.

Texas Insurance Lapse & DMV Suspension Fines

Calculate Lapse Penalties

Texas operates the TexasSure Vehicle Insurance Verification Program, an automated reporting database that immediately notifies the DMV when an auto insurer cancels or non-renews coverage.

Reporting System
TexasSure Vehicle Insurance Verification Program
Direct carrier electronic feed.
SR-22 / FR-44 Mandate
24 Months
Standard SR-22 certificate.
Plate Surrender Rule
Surrender Halts Fines
TexasSure blocks annual vehicle registration renewal if insurance is not verified. Court citation fines for uninsured driving range from $175 to $1,000.

Texas GAP Insurance Refund & Payoff Cancellation

Audit Loan Payoff Refund

When an auto loan or finance contract in Texas is paid off early, traded in, or refinanced, the borrower is entitled by law to a straight-line pro-rata refund of unearned GAP fees under Tex. Fin. Code § 354.007 & Tex. Fin. Code § 348.124 (7 TAC § 84.809).

Calculation Standard
Pro-Rata Mandated
Regulated amortized curve.
Statutory SLA Deadline
30 Days
Responsible: Lender or Administrator
Admin Cancellation Fee Cap
$25
Administrative fee capped at $25 by Texas statute; 100% refund in first 30 days.

Texas Accident Surcharge & Rate Protections

Model Claim vs. Out-of-Pocket
Not-At-Fault Surcharge Protection:

In Texas, insurers are prohibited from surcharging for not-at-fault accidents (Tex. Ins. Code § 551.107 (Prohibits cancellation/surcharge for single not-at-fault accident)).

Damage Threshold:

Texas does not have a specific statutory dollar threshold for surcharges.

Experience Lookback Window:

Texas limits the accident lookback period to 3 year(s) for rating purposes (28 Tex. Admin. Code § 5.7001 (Standard carrier experience period)).

Credit Scoring Rules:

Texas permits the use of credit-based insurance scores in auto insurance rating, subject to general consumer protection laws.

Official Texas Insurance Commissioner Contact

If an insurance company delays total loss settlements, misapplies salvage deductions, refuses valid diminished value claims, or issues improper rate increases, contact the state regulator:

Regulatory Agency
Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) & Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC)
Consumer Hotline
1-800-252-3439

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the total loss threshold in Texas?

Under Tex. Transp. Code § 501.091 / 28 TAC § 21.203, the Texas total loss standard is 100% of Actual Cash Value (ACV) — Total damage exceeds ACV before salvage.. A vehicle is declared a total loss when the estimated repair cost reaches this statutory threshold relative to its pre-accident Actual Cash Value (ACV).

Are auto insurers required to pay sales tax on totaled cars in Texas?

Yes. Under Texas insurance administrative rules (Tex. Transp. Code § 501.091 / 28 TAC § 21.203), auto insurers are legally mandated to reimburse applicable state and local motor vehicle sales tax and mandatory title transfer fees in cash total loss settlements.

Can you file a diminished value claim in Texas?

Yes. Texas tort law permits third-party diminished value claims against an at-fault driver's insurance carrier. Claimants have a 2-year statute of limitations under Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003 to recover the lost market value of their repaired vehicle.

What are the mandatory minimum car insurance limits in Texas?

Texas state law requires all motor vehicles to carry at least $30,000 for bodily injury per person, $60,000 for bodily injury per accident, and $25,000 for property damage liability (30/60/25). Additional statutory requirements: Mandatory offer of $2,500 PIP; written rejection required..

What is the penalty for driving without auto insurance in Texas?

In Texas, insurance status is monitored via the TexasSure Vehicle Insurance Verification Program. A coverage lapse results in statutory civil penalties, mandatory vehicle registration suspension, and potential SR-22 insurance filing mandates for up to 24 months.

How do unearned GAP insurance refunds work in Texas?

Under Tex. Fin. Code § 354.007 & Tex. Fin. Code § 348.124 (7 TAC § 84.809), borrowers who pay off, refinance, or trade in an auto loan early are entitled to a straight-line pro-rata refund of unearned GAP waiver fees within 30 days. Administrative cancellation fees are capped at $25.

Can insurance companies in Texas surcharge for not-at-fault accidents?

In Texas, insurers are prohibited from surcharging for not-at-fault accidents (Tex. Ins. Code § 551.107 (Prohibits cancellation/surcharge for single not-at-fault accident)).

How do I file a complaint against an auto insurance company in Texas?

You can submit a formal consumer complaint or request market conduct assistance directly with the Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) & Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC) by calling 1-800-252-3439 or visiting their official portal at https://www.tdi.texas.gov.

Compare Texas Regulations to Other States

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Statutory Data & Regulator Authority Notice

Regulatory summaries and statutory minimums are compiled directly from state insurance statutes, administrative codes, and official Department of Insurance (DOI) bulletins. State statutory requirements and rate filing rules change periodically. Policyholders should verify current statutes directly with their state insurance commissioner.

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